ABSTRACT
Background@#The purpose of this study is to evaluate cardiac functions using transthoracic echocardiography, change in lead parameters and electrocardiogram (ECG) morphology in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation over a follow-up period of 6 months. @*Methods@#This is a prospective study in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation in a tertiary care hospital. Patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation were enrolled for up to one year and Echocardiographic parameters (by 2 blind operators) and ECG parameters were recorded at admission (within 24 h), before discharge (within 7 days of pacemaker implantation), after 1 month (± 7 days) and after 6 months (± 7 days) of follow-up. @*Results@#A total of 96 patients (60.4% males and 39.6% female, mean age 66.65 years) were implanted with permanent pacemaker. The mean QRS duration was 133.18 ms and increased significantly to 146.03 ms by 6 months despite septal lead placement in majority (92%) of patients. The mean baseline ejection fraction of 51.47 decreased significantly to 47.83 by 6 months. Diastolic parameters like left atrial volume index, early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A) and early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity (E/e′) showed a significant increase (> 5%) from baseline by the end of first week. By the end of first month, systolic dysfunction of RV sets in with significant (> 5%) change from baseline in parameters like Right ventricle myocardial performance index, transannular plane systolic excursion and right ventricle systolic excursion velocity (RVS′). @*Conclusion@#We have observed that pacemaker recipients with baseline reduced left ventricle (LV) systolic functions perform significantly worse compared to those with baseline normal cardiac functions and had a higher rate of deterioration of LV function. RV dysfunction is the first abnormality that occurs, by 1 week followed by LV dysfunction which starts by 1 month and the diastolic dysfunctions precede the systolic dysfunction. QRS duration also showed a gradual increase despite septal lead placement in majority (92%) and lead parameters showed no significant change over 6 months.
ABSTRACT
Background@#The purpose of this study is to evaluate cardiac functions using transthoracic echocardiography, change in lead parameters and electrocardiogram (ECG) morphology in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation over a follow-up period of 6 months. @*Methods@#This is a prospective study in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation in a tertiary care hospital. Patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation were enrolled for up to one year and Echocardiographic parameters (by 2 blind operators) and ECG parameters were recorded at admission (within 24 h), before discharge (within 7 days of pacemaker implantation), after 1 month (± 7 days) and after 6 months (± 7 days) of follow-up. @*Results@#A total of 96 patients (60.4% males and 39.6% female, mean age 66.65 years) were implanted with permanent pacemaker. The mean QRS duration was 133.18 ms and increased significantly to 146.03 ms by 6 months despite septal lead placement in majority (92%) of patients. The mean baseline ejection fraction of 51.47 decreased significantly to 47.83 by 6 months. Diastolic parameters like left atrial volume index, early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A) and early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity (E/e′) showed a significant increase (> 5%) from baseline by the end of first week. By the end of first month, systolic dysfunction of RV sets in with significant (> 5%) change from baseline in parameters like Right ventricle myocardial performance index, transannular plane systolic excursion and right ventricle systolic excursion velocity (RVS′). @*Conclusion@#We have observed that pacemaker recipients with baseline reduced left ventricle (LV) systolic functions perform significantly worse compared to those with baseline normal cardiac functions and had a higher rate of deterioration of LV function. RV dysfunction is the first abnormality that occurs, by 1 week followed by LV dysfunction which starts by 1 month and the diastolic dysfunctions precede the systolic dysfunction. QRS duration also showed a gradual increase despite septal lead placement in majority (92%) and lead parameters showed no significant change over 6 months.
ABSTRACT
Lemon grass and Green tea are the herbal products, widely used, next to that of water. Because of their common use, it is so much necessary to find their effects on all the body functions. In the current study its effects of blood pressure and heart rate of human male has been evaluated. Observational study. This study was conducted at Pharmacy Department, University of Malakand. Seventy two male volunteers for each tea had been selected and the blood pressure before and after giving one cup of each tea to each individual was evaluated by using sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. A minor increase in blood pressure was noted in the volunteers taken green tea. On other hand a moderate decrease in the systolic blood pressure and mild increase in the diastolic blood pressure were noted in the case of lemon grass. Also, great decreases in the heart rate of individuals taken lemon grass, and a moderate increase in the heart rate of individuals taken green tea were observed. From the current study it can be concluded that the Male heart patients are on the high risk to the use of either type of tea, so they have to take care while using either type of tea in excess quantity
ABSTRACT
Camellia sinensis as a tea [hot decoction] is so widely used throughout the Asia. Therefore to find out, their effects on all the body functions are the need of hour. In the current study the effect of Camellia sinensis on human [females] blood pressure has been evaluated. Observational study. This study was conducted at Pharmacy Department, University of Malakand. The blood pressure before and after giving the decoction of Camellia sinensis to seventy six individuals was evaluated by using sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. A moderate increase in the blood pressure had been noted. Also a great decrease in the heart rate of individuals has been identified after taking the decoction. From the current study it can be concluded that green tea have an effect of increasing blood pressure in the females, so the heart patients have to take care while using green tea in excess quantity